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The '''Hamond''' (ハモンド) is a series of Japanese novelties combining a pair of binoculars and a camera taking 3×4cm exposures on [[127 film]]. They were advertised by [[Marusō]] in the first half of 1939 and were perhaps sold until the war.
 
The '''Hamond''' (ハモンド) is a series of Japanese novelties combining a pair of binoculars and a camera taking 3×4cm exposures on [[127 film]]. They were advertised by [[Marusō]] in the first half of 1939 and were perhaps sold until the war.
   
==General description==
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== General description ==
 
The oculars are contained in the body between the film spools and the exposure chamber, so that the eyepieces protrude from the camera's top plate. There is a folding optical finder in the middle. Film is advanced via a key placed at the bottom right of the body, as seen by the photographer. The back is hinged to the left and contains two uncovered [[red window]]s. The name ''HAMOND'' is normally embossed in the leather covering at the front.
 
The oculars are contained in the body between the film spools and the exposure chamber, so that the eyepieces protrude from the camera's top plate. There is a folding optical finder in the middle. Film is advanced via a key placed at the bottom right of the body, as seen by the photographer. The back is hinged to the left and contains two uncovered [[red window]]s. The name ''HAMOND'' is normally embossed in the leather covering at the front.
   
 
The lens and shutter units remind those of the [[Baby Chrome]]. They were perhaps provided by [[Kigawa]], and the camera body was perhaps assembled there too. The shutter plate is marked ''WING PATENT'' at the top, with a logo perhaps depicting a pair of wings, and ''HAMOND'' at the bottom. The name "Wing" is akin to the "Tsubasa" name used by Optochrom on many products (''tsubasa'' means "wing" in Japanese).
 
The lens and shutter units remind those of the [[Baby Chrome]]. They were perhaps provided by [[Kigawa]], and the camera body was perhaps assembled there too. The shutter plate is marked ''WING PATENT'' at the top, with a logo perhaps depicting a pair of wings, and ''HAMOND'' at the bottom. The name "Wing" is akin to the "Tsubasa" name used by Optochrom on many products (''tsubasa'' means "wing" in Japanese).
   
==Versions and commercial life==
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== Versions and commercial life ==
 
The camera was first advertised in the January 1939 issue of {{ACA}}.<ref>{{Kokusan}}, p.339. </ref> The document, reproduced below, gives patent no.242254 and lists two versions of the camera.<ref>Advertisement in {{ACA}} January 1939, p.A70, also reproduced in {{Kokusan}}, p.84. </ref> These differ by the lens and shutter equipment and by the magnification of the binoculars:
 
The camera was first advertised in the January 1939 issue of {{ACA}}.<ref>{{Kokusan}}, p.339. </ref> The document, reproduced below, gives patent no.242254 and lists two versions of the camera.<ref>Advertisement in {{ACA}} January 1939, p.A70, also reproduced in {{Kokusan}}, p.84. </ref> These differ by the lens and shutter equipment and by the magnification of the binoculars:
 
* '''Hamond B''': Macold f/4.5 lens, Hamond shutter, 25, 50, 100, T, B speeds, 5× magnification, {{yen|37|1939}};
 
* '''Hamond B''': Macold f/4.5 lens, Hamond shutter, 25, 50, 100, T, B speeds, 5× magnification, {{yen|37|1939}};
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The Hamond appears in the official list of set prices compiled in October 1940 and published in January 1941, in two versions called "Hamond A" (¥32) and "Hamond D" (¥60) with no further detail.<ref>{{Kakaku0141_short}}, type 1, sections 2 and 5. </ref> The name and price might suggest that the Hamond D was the f/3.5 version previously announced.
 
The Hamond appears in the official list of set prices compiled in October 1940 and published in January 1941, in two versions called "Hamond A" (¥32) and "Hamond D" (¥60) with no further detail.<ref>{{Kakaku0141_short}}, type 1, sections 2 and 5. </ref> The name and price might suggest that the Hamond D was the f/3.5 version previously announced.
   
==Actual examples==
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== Actual examples ==
 
Very few surviving examples of the Hamond are known. The camera pictured above is a Hamond Junior or Hamond A. It has a fixed-focus Macold 50mm f/6.3, with a silver rim, and B, 25, 50, 100 speeds. (A similar camera is pictured in {{SUG}}.)<ref>{{SUG}}, item 4037. </ref>
 
Very few surviving examples of the Hamond are known. The camera pictured above is a Hamond Junior or Hamond A. It has a fixed-focus Macold 50mm f/6.3, with a silver rim, and B, 25, 50, 100 speeds. (A similar camera is pictured in {{SUG}}.)<ref>{{SUG}}, item 4037. </ref>
   
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Another version is pictured in {{SUG}}. It is not documented elsewhere, and is perhaps a prototype. It has a different folding finder, lower binocular eyepieces, and no ''HAMOND'' embossing at the front. Its shutter gives B, 25, 50 speeds. Its lens is a New-Gold 50mm f/8; the silver rim with ''NEW-GOLD'' marking is similar to that of the [[Baby Chrome]]. That particular example has lens no.1013, a very low number in a sequence certainly starting at 1000 or 1001.
 
Another version is pictured in {{SUG}}. It is not documented elsewhere, and is perhaps a prototype. It has a different folding finder, lower binocular eyepieces, and no ''HAMOND'' embossing at the front. Its shutter gives B, 25, 50 speeds. Its lens is a New-Gold 50mm f/8; the silver rim with ''NEW-GOLD'' marking is similar to that of the [[Baby Chrome]]. That particular example has lens no.1013, a very low number in a sequence certainly starting at 1000 or 1001.
   
==Notes==
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== Notes ==
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<references />
{{Reflist}}
 
   
==Bibliography==
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== Bibliography ==
===Original documents===
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=== Original documents ===
 
* {{ACA}}. Advertisement by [[Marusō]] in January 1939, p.A70.
 
* {{ACA}}. Advertisement by [[Marusō]] in January 1939, p.A70.
 
* {{Kakaku0141}} Type 1, sections 2 and 5.
 
* {{Kakaku0141}} Type 1, sections 2 and 5.
   
===Recent sources===
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=== Recent sources ===
 
* {{Showa10}} Item 180–1.
 
* {{Showa10}} Item 180–1.
 
* {{Lewis}} P.55 (brief mention only).
 
* {{Lewis}} P.55 (brief mention only).
 
* {{Zukan}} Items 4037–8.
 
* {{Zukan}} Items 4037–8.
   
==Links==
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== Links ==
 
In Japanese:
 
In Japanese:
 
* [http://sts.kahaku.go.jp/sts/detail.php?18=&key=103310371072&APage=620 Hamond B] in the [http://sts.kahaku.go.jp/sts/set_brws_01.php?id=1033 Camera database] of the [http://sts.kahaku.go.jp/ Center of the History of Japanese Industrial Technology]
 
* [http://sts.kahaku.go.jp/sts/detail.php?18=&key=103310371072&APage=620 Hamond B] in the [http://sts.kahaku.go.jp/sts/set_brws_01.php?id=1033 Camera database] of the [http://sts.kahaku.go.jp/ Center of the History of Japanese Industrial Technology]
   
[[Category:Japanese 3x4 viewfinder]]
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[[Category: Japanese 3x4 viewfinder]]
[[Category:H]]
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[[Category: H]]
[[Category:1939]]
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[[Category: 1939]]
[[Category:127 film]]
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[[Category: 127 film]]
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